What is staging of lung cancer?
The stage of a tumor refers to the extent to which lung cancer has spread in the body. Staging involves both evaluation of a tumor's size as well as the presence or absence of metastases in the lymph nodes or in other organs. Staging is important for determining how a particular tumor should be treated. Staging of a tumor is also critical in estimating the prognosis of a given patient, with higher-stage tumors having a worse prognosis than lower-stage tumors.
Doctors use several tests to accurately stage lung cancer, including blood tests, X-rays, CT scans, bone scans, and PET scans. An abnormal blood chemistry test may signal the presence of metastases in the bone or liver. Radiological procedures document the size of a tumor, as well as its spread to other organs.
Stage 0 NSCLC frequently progresses to invasive cancer.[1,2,3] Patients may be offered surveillance bronchoscopies and, if lesions are detected, potentially curative therapies. Standard Treatment Options for Stage 0 NSCLC Standard treatment options for Stage 0 NSCLC include the following: Surgery. Endobronchial therapies, including photodynamic therapy, electrocautery, cryotherapy, and Nd-YAG laser therapy. Surgery Segmentectomy or wedge resection are used to preserve...
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are assigned a stage from I to IV in order of severity.
- In stage I, the cancer is confined to the lung.
- In stages II and III, the cancer is confined to the lung and, possibly, the lymph nodes.
- Stage IV cancer has spread outside of the lung to other parts of the body.
Small cell lung cancers (SCLC) are staged using a two-tiered system:
- Limited stage (LS) SCLC refers to cancer that is confined to its area of origin in the lung and lumph nodes.
- In extensive-stage (ES) SCLC, the cancer has spread beyond the lung to other parts of the body.
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